FranceChapters
France today is one of the most modern countries in the world and is a leader among European nations. It plays an influential global role as a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, NATO, the G-7, the G-20, the EU, and other multilateral organizations. France boasts a highly developed economy, supported by advanced infrastructure, a skilled workforce, and globally recognized industries such as aerospace, luxury goods, agri-food, and pharmaceuticals. Strong domestic consumption, high savings, and the global presence of its companies further reinforce its status as an attractive and dynamic environment for business and investment.
Source: The CIA World Factbook - France and Coface
Key indicators
- Area
- 643,801 sq km
- Population
- 68,516,699 (2024)
- Government type
- semi-presidential republic
- Languages
- French (official) 100%, declining regional dialects and languages (Provencal, Breton, Alsatian, Corsican, Catalan, Basque, Flemish, Occitan, Picard)
- GDP
- $3.16 trillion (2024)
- Growth rate
- +1.2% (2024)
- HDI
- 26
- Capital
- Paris
Macroeconomic indicators
After growing below potential in 2023-24, at 1.1%, GDP growth is set to slow further to 0.6% in 2025 due to heightened economic policy uncertainty, before gradually recovering to 0.9% in 2026. Private consumption will become the main growth engine in 2025, as exports will suffer from increased trade tensions and investment will be held back by increased uncertainty. The recovery in 2026 is set to be supported by stronger investment and steady consumer spending. Inflation is expected to fall to 1.2% in 2025, driven by cuts in electricity tariffs, before edging up to 1.7% in 2026.
The fiscal deficit is expected to narrow gradually to 5.4% and 5% in 2025 and 2026, respectively, from 5.8% of GDP in 2024. As the associated fiscal effort, of 1% of GDP in 2025, would be the largest in over a decade, there is a significant risk of fiscal slippages. Weaker-than-expected growth and rising defence spending would also make it harder to reach fiscal targets. Public debt is projected to remain high at nearly 120% of GDP in 2026. Stabilisation will require continued deficit reduction and growth-enhancing reforms. To unlock greater investment, structural reforms should prioritise digital uptake, simplifying regulations in the services sector and better targeting of innovation support towards innovative small and medium-sized enterprises.
Source: OECD - Economic Forecast
IMF Statistics:
| Subject descriptor | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
All Items, Consumer price index (CPI), Period average, percent change Percent (Units) |
5.663 |
2.317 |
1.143 |
1.526 |
1.928 |
|
Current account balance (credit less debit), Percent of GDP Percent (Units) |
-1.039 |
0.091 |
-0.076 |
-0.169 |
-0.262 |
|
Current account balance (credit less debit), US dollar US dollar (Billions) |
-31.793 |
2.883 |
-2.559 |
-6.014 |
-9.589 |
|
Exports of goods and services, Volume, Free on board (FOB), Percent change Percent (Units) |
2.838 |
2.373 |
0.158 |
1.424 |
1.762 |
|
Gross domestic product (GDP), Constant prices, Percent change Percent (Units) |
1.619 |
1.102 |
0.671 |
0.911 |
1.185 |
|
Gross domestic product (GDP), Current prices, Per capita, US dollar US dollar (Units) |
44853.761 |
46187.295 |
48981.965 |
51707.603 |
53048.574 |
|
Gross domestic product (GDP), Current prices, US dollar US dollar (Billions) |
3061.093 |
3160.902 |
3361.557 |
3558.562 |
3661.084 |
|
Imports of goods and services, Volume, Cost insurance freight (CIF), Percent change Percent (Units) |
0.06 |
-1.331 |
2.256 |
0.737 |
1.476 |
|
Unemployment rate |
7.342 |
7.392 |
7.56 |
7.522 |
7.325 |
Estimates
Source: IMF Statistics - France
Relationships with Luxembourg
Existing conventions and agreements
Non double taxation agreement
In order to promote international economic and financial relations in the interest of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, the Luxembourg government negotiates bilateral agreements for the avoidance of double taxation and prevent fiscal evasion with respect to Taxes on Income and on fortune with third countries.
· New Convention from 20.03.2018 (Mémorial A No.495, p.22)
· Effective as of 01.01.2020 (Mémorial A No.495, p.22)
· Amendment from 10.10.2019 (Mémorial A No.245, p.1)
· Effective as of 01.01.2020 (Mémorial A No.245, p.1)
· Amendment from 07.11.2022 (Mémorial A No.321, p.1)
· Effective as of 01.01.2023 (Mémorial A No.321, p.1)
· Agreement from 16.07.2020 regarding the application of point 3 of the Protocol (Circular L.G. - Conv. D.I. No.61)
· Effective as of 01.01.2020 (Circular L.G. - Conv. D.I. No.61)
Agreements effective until 31.12.2019
Air Services agreement
- Agreement from 29.03.1962 (Memorial 1965, A, p. 294 )
- Effective as of 04.27.1965 (Memorial 1965, A, p. 969)
Further information
Foreign Trade
The Statec Foreign Trade statistics provide information on the trade of goods - by product and by country. This information is collected respectively through the INTRASTAT declaration and on the basis of customs documents.
You can see the statistics on the website of the Statec.
Contact points in France
Embassy of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg in France
Ambassador with residence in Paris: Mr. Marc UNGEHEUER
33 Avenue Rapp
F-75007 Paris
France
Tel.: (+33 -1) 45 55 13 37
Fax: (+33 -1) 45 51 72 29
E-Mail: paris.amb@mae.etat.lu
Website: paris.mae.lu
Consul general
Consul General with jurisdiction over the Regions of Alsace and the Territory of Belfort:
Mr. Patrick ENGELBERG
65, allée de la Robertsau
F-67000 Strasbourg
France
Tel.: (+33) 3 88 15 26 36
Fax: (+33) 3 88 15 26 37
E-Mail: strasbourg.rp@mae.etat.lu
Honorary consuls
Honorary Consul with jurisdiction over the Region of Aquitaine:
Ms Sylvie CAZES
9, Cours de Gourgue
F-33000 Bordeaux
France
Tel.: (+33) 5 56 00 90 20
E-Mail: bordeaux@consul-hon.lu
Honorary Consul with jurisdiction over the Region of Hauts-de-France:
Mr Eric DELFLY
120, rue de l’Hôpital Militaire
F-59000 Lille
France
Tel.: (+33) 3 28 52 00 01
E-Mail: lille@consul-hon.lu
Honorary Consul with jurisdiction in the Region of Auvergne and Rhône-Alpes:
Ms Marie-Christine HERRBACH (born as LAVERRIÈRE)
6, rue Grolée
F-69002 Lyon
France
Tel.: (+33) 7 85 79 13 47
E-Mail: lyon@consul-hon.lu
Honorary Consul with jurisdiction over the Regions of Ardennes, Aube Marne, Haut-Marne, Meurthe-et-Moselle, Meuse, and Grand Est:
Mr Yves WENDLING
26, rue de Raigecourt
F-57070 Metz
France
Tel.: (+33) 3 87 63 10 75
E-Mail: metz@consul-hon.lu
Honorary Consul with jurisdiction over the Regions of Bretagne and Pays-de-Loire:
Mr Aymeric de VASSELOT
15, rue Alain Barbe Torte
F-44203 Nantes
France
Tel.: (+33) 6 32 03 37 12
E-Mail: nantes@consul-hon.lu
Honorary Consul with jurisdiction over the Region of Alpes-Côte d'Azur:
Mr Cyril DARY
400, Promenade des Anglais
F-06200 Nice
France
Tel.: (+33) 06 01 74 87 80
E-Mail: nice@consul-hon.lu
Honorary Consul with jurisdiction over the Region of Normandie:
Mr Jean-Philippe CARPENTIER
36, rue de l’Avalasse
F-76000 Rouen
France
Tel.: (+33) 6 60 54 78 00
E-Mail: rouen@consul-hon.lu
Honorary Consul with jurisdiction over the Regions of Languedoc-Roussillon and Midi-Pyrénées:
Mr Davy ATLAN
26, rue St Antoine du T
F-31000 Toulouse
France
Tel.: (+33) 5 62 30 44 59
E-Mail: toulouse@consul-hon.lu
Source: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Luxembourg
Country risk as defined by Office du Ducroire for France
Ducroire is the only credit insurer covering open account deals in over 200 countries. A rating on a scale from 1 to 7 shows the intensity of the political risk. Category 1 comprises countries with the lowest political risk and category 7 countries with the highest. Macroeconomics experts also assess the repayment climate for all buyers in a country.
Link: Ducroire Office - Country risk for France