ChinaKapitel
China is the world’s second-largest economy and a central player in global trade, investment, and manufacturing. Policy formulation and decision-making under the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) are guided by long-term development strategies, while market-oriented reforms continue to shape economic activity across key sectors. Today, China focuses on technological innovation, advanced manufacturing, clean energy, digital technologies, and modern services, sectors that closely align with European and Luxembourg expertise. Its ongoing economic transformation emphasizes moving up the value chain, improving productivity, and maintaining openness to international cooperation.
For Luxembourg and European companies, China remains a strategic market and investment destination, offering opportunities in finance, logistics, smart manufacturing, ICT, and sustainability-focused services. Bilateral engagement highlights trade facilitation, investment cooperation, and dialogue on regulatory and sustainable development initiatives. Chinese authorities continue to expand incentives for foreign investment in selected sectors and regions, while promoting innovation-driven partnerships. A well-informed and targeted market approach is key for companies seeking to engage successfully with China’s dynamic and increasingly sophisticated economy.
Source: The CIA World Factbook - China
Kennzahlen
- Fläche
- 9,596,960 km2
- Bevölkerung
- 1,407,181,209 (2025 est.)
- Regierungsform
- communist party-led state
- Sprachen
- communist party-led stateStandard Chinese or Mandarin (official; Putonghua, based on the Beijing dialect), Yue (Cantonese), Wu (Shanghainese), Minbei (Fuzhou), Minnan (Hokkien-Taiwanese), Xiang, Gan, Hakka dialects, minority languages (see Ethnic groups e
- BIP
- $18.744 trillion (2024 est.)
- Wachstumsrate
- 5% (2024)
- HDI
- 0.788 (2022)
- Hauptstadt
- Beijing
Makroökonomische Indikatoren
China’s economy is large, resilient, and evolving, reflecting a combination of state-led strategic planning and market-driven activity. GDP growth is projected to moderate gradually from around 5% in 2023–2024 to slightly above 4% by 2026–2027, consistent with structural adjustments, demographic changes, and the transition toward consumption- and service-led growth. Inflation remains low, reflecting subdued domestic demand, while the unemployment rate is expected to remain broadly stable at around 5–5.5%.
External balances are projected to remain in surplus, supported by strong export performance in machinery, electronics, electric vehicles, and clean energy technologies. Trade volumes with Europe and other key partners are expected to stabilize, while the country continues to pursue diversification of its international trade and investment relationships.
Sector composition is gradually shifting, with the services sector expanding its share of GDP alongside continued strength in high-tech and manufacturing industries. Key sectors for international cooperation and investment include advanced manufacturing, digital technologies, clean energy, logistics, finance, and modern services, offering opportunities for Luxembourg and European companies with expertise in innovation, sustainability, and technology-driven solutions.
Overall, China presents a dynamic yet stable economic environment for foreign partners. While structural and cyclical challenges exist, targeted engagement in strategic sectors, supported by informed market analysis and careful planning, can yield significant opportunities for Luxembourg and European businesses.
Source: OECD Economic Outlook
IMF Statistics:
| Subject descriptor | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
All Items, Consumer price index (CPI), Period average, percent change Percent (Units) |
0.228 |
0.212 |
0.013 |
0.677 |
1.418 |
|
Current account balance (credit less debit), Percent of GDP Percent (Units) |
1.442 |
2.261 |
3.304 |
2.775 |
2.547 |
|
Current account balance (credit less debit), US dollar US dollar (Billions) |
263.382 |
423.919 |
640.834 |
573.128 |
560.693 |
|
Exports of goods and services, Volume, Free on board (FOB), Percent change Percent (Units) |
2.642 |
12.646 |
10.21 |
2.177 |
3.2 |
|
Gross domestic product (GDP), Constant prices, Percent change Percent (Units) |
5.377 |
5.003 |
4.796 |
4.163 |
4.186 |
|
Gross domestic product (GDP), Current prices, Per capita, US dollar US dollar (Units) |
12960.729 |
13313.942 |
13806.031 |
14730.309 |
15740.598 |
|
Gross domestic product (GDP), Current prices, US dollar US dollar (Billions) |
18270.351 |
18749.759 |
19398.577 |
20650.754 |
22016.582 |
|
Imports of goods and services, Volume, Cost insurance freight (CIF), Percent change Percent (Units) |
7.424 |
6.001 |
3.614 |
4.518 |
4.0 |
|
Unemployment rate |
5.217 |
5.117 |
5.1 |
5.1 |
5.1 |
Estimates
Source: IMF Statistics
Luxemburg und das Land
Existing conventions and agreements
Non double taxation agreement
In order to promote international economic and financial relations in the interest of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, the Luxembourg government negotiates bilateral agreements for the avoidance of double taxation and prevent fiscal evasion with respect to Taxes on Income and on fortune with third countries.
- Convention from 12.03.1994 (Memorial 1995, A no.45, p.1234)
- Effective as of 01.01.1996 (Memorial 1995, A no.45, p.1234)
Air Services agreement
- Agreement from 28.09.1979 (Memorial 1980, A, p. 966 )
- Effective as of 14.08.1981 (Memorial 1981, A, p. 1910)
- New Agreement from 18.11.2002
Weitere Informationen
Foreign Trade
The Statec Foreign Trade statistics provide information on the trade of goods - by product and by country. This information is collected respectively through the INTRASTAT declaration and on the basis of customs documents.
You can see the statistics on the website of the Statec.
Contact points in China
Embassy of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg in China
Ambassador with residence in Beijing: Mr Roland Reiland
Embassy of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
Unit 1701, Tower B, Pacific Century Place,
2A Gong Ti Bei Lu, Chaoyang District,
Beijing 100027
People's Republic of China
Tel.: (+86 10) 8588 0900
Fax:(+86 10) 6513 7268
Mobile : (+86) 138 1106 5430
E-Mail: roland.reiland@mae.etat.lu
Website: pekin.mae.lu - www.gouvernement.lu - www.luxembourg.lu
Consul General
Consul General with jurisdiction over the Municipality of Shanghai and the Provinces of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, and Fujian:
Ms Tania Berchem
907-908, No. 1788 Nanjing Xi Lu
200040 Shanghai
People's Republic of China
Tel.: (+86 21) 63390400
Fax: (+86 21) 63390433
E-Mail: tania.berchem@mae.etat.lu
Website: shanghai.mae.lu - investinluxembourg-china.com - maee.gouvernement.lu - luxembourg.public.lu
Honorary Consuls
Honorary Consul over jurisdiction over Hong-Kong:
Ms Sophie LEUNG
13th floor Queen's Centre
58-64 Queen's Road East
Wanchai
Hong Kong
Tel.: (+852) 3621 0979
E-Mail: conluxhk@gmail.com
Luxembourg Trade and Investment Office in Shanghai
Executive Director: Ms Tania Berchem
907-908, No. 1788 Nanjing Xi Lu
200040 Shanghai
People's Republic of China
Tel.: (+86 21) 63 39 04 00
Fax: (+86 21) 63 39 04 33
E-Mail: shanghai.cg@mae.etat.lu
Website: Investinluxembourg-china.com
Source: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Luxembourg
Country risk as defined by Office du Ducroire for China
Ducroire is the only credit insurer covering open account deals in over 200 countries. A rating on a scale from 1 to 7 shows the intensity of the political risk. Category 1 comprises countries with the lowest political risk and category 7 countries with the highest. Macroeconomics experts also assess the repayment climate for all buyers in a country.
Link: Ducroire Office - Country Risk for China
Luxembourg for Business market entry guide to China: Market entry guides are brochure series published by the Ministry of the Economy and Foreign. The series focuses on worldwide markets, industries and business environments, providing comprehensive and in-depth analysis and guidelines. The brochures cover all aspects relating to a market entry including the economic, financial and legal frameworks. The brochures are a vast knowledge pool, compiled into a practice oriented document with many tips and important addresses.
Other useful information
- CIA World factbook on China
- OECD economic outlook for China
- EU SME Centre
- Benelux chamber of commerce in China
- La Chine sur le site de l'AWEX
- Belgium-Luxembourg Chamber of Commerce in Hong Kong
- China-Luxembourg Chamber of Commerce