BulgariaKapitel
Bulgaria has a diversified economy with strengths in agriculture and tourism, supported by low production costs and relatively low public debt. Economic growth is driven mainly by private consumption, helped by rising real wages and low unemployment, although growth is expected to moderate in the short term. Bulgaria is progressing towards greater European integration, including entry into the Schengen Area and the eurozone, which could support trade and investment. However, the economy faces structural challenges, such as political instability, labour shortages and weak infrastructure, which continue to limit long-term growth prospects.
Source: Coface
Kennzahlen
- Fläche
- 110,879 sq km
- Bevölkerung
- 6,441,421 (2024)
- Regierungsform
- parliamentary republic
- Sprachen
- Bulgarian (official) 77.3%, Turkish 7.9%, Romani 3.5%, other 1%, unspecified 10.4% (2021 est.
- BIP
- $113.34 billion (2024)
- Wachstumsrate
- 3.4% (2024)
- HDI
- 55
- Hauptstadt
- Sofia
Makroökonomische Indikatoren
Economic growth reached 3.4% in 2024, driven by private and public consumption. Investment accelerated in the first half of 2025, boosted by increased absorption of RRF funds. However, consumption and investment are expected to decline in the second half of 2025 due to a lower contribution from the public sector in response to lower-than-planned government revenues. In 2026 and 2027, private consumption growth is expected to moderate in line with slowing growth of wages and social transfers. Private investment is forecast to continue supporting growth as business confidence improves, in the context of the euro adoption. The acceleration of EU funds absorption that started in 2025 is expected to continue into 2027. Exports contracted in early 2025, partly due to maintenance works done by two major exporters, but growth is expected to resume in the second half of the year and continue over the forecast horizon. Imports are also expected to increase, driven by rising domestic demand, and defence spending which is set to drive up imports in late 2025 and in the course of 2027, because of planned major defence equipment. Overall, the contribution of net exports to GDP remains slightly negative until 2027. Real GDP is forecast to grow by 2.7% in 2026 and 2.1% in 2027.
Source: European Commission
IMF Statistics:
| Subject descriptor | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
All Items, Consumer price index (CPI), Period average, percent change Percent (Units) |
8.599 |
2.597 |
3.635 |
3.394 |
2.829 |
|
Current account balance (credit less debit), Percent of GDP Percent (Units) |
-0.894 |
-1.601 |
-3.83 |
-3.181 |
-2.578 |
|
Current account balance (credit less debit), US dollar US dollar (Billions) |
-0.915 |
-1.796 |
-4.9 |
-4.524 |
-3.894 |
|
Exports of goods and services, Volume, Free on board (FOB), Percent change Percent (Units) |
-0.821 |
-1.604 |
3.803 |
6.849 |
|
|
Gross domestic product (GDP), Constant prices, Percent change Percent (Units) |
1.887 |
2.811 |
3.05 |
3.089 |
2.812 |
|
Gross domestic product (GDP), Current prices, Per capita, US dollar US dollar (Units) |
15892.404 |
17434.514 |
20425.72 |
22895.556 |
24528.681 |
|
Gross domestic product (GDP), Current prices, US dollar US dollar (Billions) |
102.434 |
112.232 |
127.924 |
142.203 |
151.081 |
|
Imports of goods and services, Volume, Cost insurance freight (CIF), Percent change Percent (Units) |
-5.454 |
1.31 |
4.794 |
5.071 |
7.258 |
|
Unemployment rate |
4.395 |
4.234 |
3.5 |
3.4 |
3.3 |
Estimates
Source: IMF Statistics - Bulgaria
Luxemburg und das Land
Existing conventions and agreements
Non double taxation agreement
In order to promote international economic and financial relations in the interest of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, the Luxembourg government negotiates bilateral agreements for the avoidance of double taxation and prevent fiscal evasion with respect to Taxes on Income and on fortune with third countries.
- Convention from 27.01.1992 (Memorial 1992, A no.96, p. 2664)
- Effective as of 01.01.1994 (Memorial 1992, A no.96, p. 2664)
Air Services agreement
- Agreement from 08.05.1965 (Memorial 1969, p. 778 et seq.)
- Effective as of 12.3.1970 (Memorial 1970, A, p. 485)
Weitere Informationen
Foreign Trade
The Statec Foreign Trade statistics provide information on the trade of goods - by product and by country. This information is collected respectively through the INTRASTAT declaration and on the basis of customs documents.
You can see the statistics on the website of the Statec.
Contact points in Bulgaria
Embassy of Grand Duchy of Luxembourg in Prague
Ambassador with residence in Prague: Mr Ronald DOFING
9, rue Apolinarska
CZ - 128 00 PRAHA 2
Tél.: (+420) 257 18 18 00
Fax: (+420) 257 53 25 37
Site web: www.bulgaria.mae.lu
Honorary Consuls
Sofia
Honorary Consul of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg with jurisdiction over Bulgaria:
Ms Sasha BEZUHANOVA
100, rue Rodopski Izvor
1618 Sofia
Bulgaria
Tél.: (+359) 2 818 50 75
E-Mail: sasha.bezuhanova@gmail.com
Source: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Luxembourg
Country risk as defined by Office du Ducroire for Bulgaria
Ducroire is the only credit insurer covering open account deals in over 200 countries. A rating on a scale from 1 to 7 shows the intensity of the political risk. Category 1 comprises countries with the lowest political risk and category 7 countries with the highest. Macroeconomics experts also assess the repayment climate for all buyers in a country.
Link: Ducroire Office – Country Risk for Bulgaria